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James Logan (October 20, 1674–October 31, 1751), a statesman and scholar, was born in Lurgan, County Armagh, Ireland, of Scottish descent and Quaker parentage. Logan served as colonial secretary to William Penn. he held a number of public offices, including Mayor of Philadelphia. He was a founding trustee of the College of Philadelphia, the predecessor of the University of Pennsylvania.〔 ==Life== James Logan was born at Lurgan on October 20, 1674. His parents were Patrick Hogan (1640-1700) and Isabella, Lady Hume (1647-1722), who married in early 1671, in Midlothia, Scotland. His father had a Master of Arts degree from the University of Edinburgh, and originally was an Anglican clergyman before converting to Quakerism, or the Society of Friends. Although apprenticed to a Dublin linen-draper, he appears to have received a good classical and mathematical education, and to have acquired a knowledge of modern languages not common at the period. The War of 1689–91 obliged him to follow his parents, first to Edinburgh, and then to London and Bristol, England where, in 1693, James replaced his father as schoolmaster. In 1699, he came to the colony of Pennsylvania aboard the ''Canterbury'' as William Penn's secretary.〔Keith, Charles Penrose (1997), ''The provincial counsilors of Pennsylvania'', Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., p. 6: "They (Penn and James Logan ) sailed from Cowes on September 9th, 1699, in the ''Canterbury.'' On the way over, the ship was attacked by pirates, and Logan took part in the defence of it...The pirates were beaten off."〕 Logan is described as "tall and well-proportioned, with a graceful yet grave demeanour. He had a good complexion, and was quite florid, even in old age; nor did his hair, which was brown, turn grey in the decline of life, nor his eyes require spectacles."〔 Later, he supported proprietary rights in Pennsylvania. After advancing through several political offices, including commissioner of property (1701), receiver general (1703), clerk (1701), and member (1703) of the provincial council, he was elected mayor of Philadelphia in 1722. During his tenure as mayor, Logan allowed Irish Catholic immigrants to participate in the city's first public Mass. He later served as the colony's chief justice from 1731 to 1739,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=James Logan )〕 and in the absence of a governor of Pennsylvania, became acting governor from 1736 to 1738. He opposed Quaker pacifism and war tax resistance, and encouraged pacifist Quakers to give up their seats in the Pennsylvania Assembly so that it could make war requisitions.〔Gross, David M. ''American Quaker War Tax Resistance'' (2008) pp. 45–52 ISBN 1-4382-6015-6〕 On October 9, 1736 he responded to requests from Native American leaders to control the sale of alcohol, which was creating serious social problems, by prohibiting the sale of rum in indigenous communities, but as the penalty was only a fine of ten pounds and the law was poorly enforced, it did not have a significant effect. Meanwhile, he engaged in various mercantile pursuits, especially fur trading, with such success that he became one of the wealthiest men in the colonies. He wrote numerous scholarly papers published by the American Philosophical Society and European journals. Logan was also a natural scientist whose primary contribution to the emerging field of botany was a treatise that described experiments on the impregnation of plant seeds, especially corn. He tutored John Bartram, the American botanist, in Latin and introduced him to Linnaeus. James Logan's mother came to live with him in Philadelphia in 1717. She died on January 17, 1722, at Stenton. His daughter, Sarah, married Isaac Norris. Logan died in 1751 at Stenton, near Germantown, at the age of 77, and was buried at the site of Arch Street Friends Meeting House〔 (built in 1804). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「James Logan (statesman)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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